Ingaba iimaski zegraphene zingayithintela inkungu

1. Iimpawu zoomatshini Iimpawu ze-graphene zinamandla kakhulu, kwaye amandla ayo omatshini afikelela kwi-130GPa, elingana namaxesha angama-100 ensimbi. Kubalwa ngokwethiyori, ukuba ubukhulu boxhulumaniso obusebenzayo begraphene bunokufikelela kwimilimitha enye, bunokuxhasa ubunzima bendlovu. Ivela phi iimpawu zayo ezinamandla zoomatshini? Njengoko besitshilo ekuqaleni-isakhiwo simisela iipropati. Isakhiwo se-dimensional, kwaye ikhonkco phakathi kwekhabhoni kunye nekhabhoni yomelele kakhulu. Kukho abamelwane abathathu abajikeleze ikhabhoni nganye. I-carbon bond eyenziwe ngaba bamelwane bathathu imfutshane kakhulu kwaye yomelele kakhulu, exhasa iipropathi eziphezulu ze-graphene.

2. Iimpawu zombane Iimpawu zayo zombane zifanele ukukhankanywa. Ukuhamba kwayo kwe-electron kunokufikelela kwi-200,000cm ^ 2 / Vs, ephindwe kalikhulu kune-silicon. Yintoni ukuhamba kwe-electron? Kuthetha ukuba ii-electron zikhawuleza kangakanani kule nto. I-conductivity yezinto eziphathekayo igqitywa zizinto ezimbini. Enye yeyokuba ii-electron zihamba ngokukhawuleza kangakanani kuyo, kwaye okwesibini kukuba zingaphi ii-electron ezisebenza kuyo. Unokucinga ngohola wendlela. Ngowuphi umda wesantya kulo hola wendlela? Inokubaleka kangakanani imoto? Inani leemoto ezihamba kuyo limisela umthamo walo wendlela. Ke ekwenzeni izixhobo zombane, sihlala sinethemba lokuba nomthamo omkhulu, ukuze isantya sekhompyutha sesixhobo sikhawuleze. Okwesibini, ukunyamezela kwayo ngoku koxinaniso kukhulu kakhulu. Ngokomzekelo, sinocingo oluqhelekileyo olusetyenziswayo, olunjengocingo lwentsimbi lobhedu. Sidlula okwangoku. Ukuba i-voltage iyanda kwaye ukunyuka kwangoku ukuya kwinqanaba elithile, i-current iya kutshisa ucingo lobhedu. Kodwa isakhono segraphene sokuxhathisa ukutsha siphezulu kakhulu, sinokufikelela kwisigidi esiphindwe kabini kunobhedu!Ukuba sisebenzisa igraphene njengomqhubi, ubunzima bomqhubi bungancitshiswa kakhulu. Ukufunyaniswa kwamva nje kubonisa ukuba igraphene ene-double-layer ijikeleziswa nge-engile, i-superconductivity ethile iya kwenzeka. Nangona kunjalo, inesiphene kwiipropathi zombane, okuyi-gap yayo yebhendi ye-zero. Ibhendi yamandla [4] inxulumene nobukho be-semiconductor. Ukuba le bhendi yamandla ifanelekile, i-semiconductor efanelekileyo. Ekubeni i-graphene inebhendi yamandla e-zero, ayikho i-semiconductor, kodwa ipropathi yensimbi, ngoko kusenzima ukwenza izixhobo zombane. Iingcali zenzululwazi ziyazoyisa iingxaki ezibangelwa zezi bands zamandla zero.

3. Uxinaniso kunye nendawo enkulu yendawo ethile yeGraphene yimathiriyeli exinene kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuba iibhondi zayo zifutshane kakhulu, umgama phakathi kwe-athomu usondele kakhulu, kuphela yi-0.142nm. Ngamanye amazwi, iimolekyuli ezincinci kunye neeathom ezifana ne-hydrogen kunye ne-helium azikwazi ukudlula kuyo. Isisithintelo esihle kakhulu esinommandla othile we-2630m ^ 2 / g, oku kuthetha ukuba indawo yayo inkulu kakhulu. Makhe sijonge umfanekiso ophakathi, onjenge-foam eyenziwe ngegraphene. Iyakwazi ukuzixhasa, kodwa ilula kakhulu.Siyibeke kwingca ye-dogtail, kwaye ingca ye-dogtail ayibonakali nayiphi na inguqu yesakhiwo. Sinokusebenzisa ezi graphene ukwenza imathiriyeli yokucoca. Ngokuvula imingxunya emincinci yobukhulu obulawulekayo kuzo, sinokwahlula iigesi ezahlukeneyo okanye ulwelo. Ngokomzekelo, ukwahlulwa kwetyuwa kumanzi olwandle kunye nokwahlulwa kweoksijini nenitrogen emoyeni.

4. Iimpawu zokukhanya kunye nobushushu Iimpawu zokukhanya kwigraphene, kuba kukho umthombo wekhabhoni kuphela, enye kuphela i-athomu ye-athomu ye-carbon, ukuhanjiswa kwayo kunokufikelela kwi-97.7%, oku kuthetha ukuba uluhlu olulodwa lwe-athomu ye-carbon lunokufumana i-2.3% yokukhanya. . Ingaba le inkulu okanye incinci? Enyanisweni, kukufunxa ukukhanya okunamandla kakhulu. Sinokufunxa ngokupheleleyo ukukhanya malunga neeleya ezingama-50 zegraphene. Oku kunzima kwezinye izinto. Kodwa igraphene inako, sidinga kuphela umaleko omnye wayo, oyenza ibe luncedo kakhulu. IGraphene ine-conductivity entle kakhulu ye-thermal. Okwangoku kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili ze-thermal conductivity. Omnye ubizwa ngokuba yi-electronic conductivity thermal conductivity, oko kukuthi, ukuba izinto eziphathekayo zihamba kakhulu, ukuqhutyelwa kwayo kwe-thermal kudla ngokufanelekileyo kakhulu, njengobhedu kunye ne-aluminium. Ixhomekeke kwiiphonon, oko kukuthi, isantya sokusasazwa kwamaza esandi. Kwigraphene, isantya sokusasazwa kwamaza esandi sinokufikelela kwi-22km/s, ngoko ke inokuqhuba kakuhle kwe-thermal.